Pug
Also known as Carlin · Mops
China, Small Molossian type Dogs
- Size
- Small
- Height
- 25–33 cm
- Weight
- 6–9 kg
- Life expectancy
- 11–14 yrs
- Affectionate
- Clownish
- Sociable
- Stubborn
Heights and weights are typical adult ranges; individual dogs vary.
About the Pug
The Pug is a small companion breed with ancient roots in China, later popular in Europe. It is compact and square, with a flat, wrinkled face, large dark eyes and a tightly curled tail. The short coat is usually fawn or black. Pugs were bred purely to be companions, and they remain devoted house dogs with a clownish streak.
Temperament
Charming, affectionate and often clownish. Pugs love company and food, and tend to stay close to their people. Usually good with children and visitors, and gentle in manner, though they can be stubborn.
Exercise
Moderate: a couple of short walks and play sessions are enough. Avoid exercise in hot or humid weather as they overheat easily.
Grooming
Short coat that sheds a surprising amount. Brush weekly, and clean the facial wrinkles gently and keep them dry.
Care & wellbeing
Flat-faced, so heat and breathing effort need care: avoid heat and exertion, and use a harness. Watch weight, eyes and skin folds. Choose a breeder who values healthier, longer-muzzled dogs and ask a vet about breathing assessments.
Daily needs at a glance
For a typical 7.5 kg adult- Water
- 300 ml–450 ml
- a day
- Energy
- ≈ 510 kcal
- a day, neutered adult
- Exercise
- 30–60 min
- a day
- Grooming
- A brush once a week
Starting points from the same formulas as our calculators. Your pet's age, weight, activity and food all change the numbers. Work it out for your pet
Living with a Pug
Typical tendencies for the breed. Upbringing, training and the individual matter as much.
History
A small, flat-faced companion breed with ancient roots in China, where such dogs were kept by the wealthy. It later became a favourite in European courts and households. Bred for generations purely as a charming, people-loving house companion.
Health
The breed can be prone to
- Brachycephalic airway problems
- Eye injuries and corneal ulcers
- Skin fold infections
- Pug dog encephalitis
Health tests to ask a breeder about
- Airway assessment
- Eye tests
- Patella checks
- Hip scores
Not every Pug is affected, and this isn't a diagnosis. Read about common conditions and when to see a vet.
Cost to keep
Lower than average- Smaller food bills and medicine doses
- Little or no professional grooming needed
- A 11–14 year commitment
- Budget for breed-related health checks or insurance
A relative guide, not a price — costs vary a lot by country, insurer and lifestyle.
Is a Pug right for you?
Could suit
- Calmer households and owners who prefer gentle walks
- People who'd rather not spend much time grooming
- Smaller homes, as long as daily exercise needs are met
Think twice if
- You live somewhere hot or want a very active companion — flat-faced breeds can struggle with breathing and heat
Not sure? Try the breed finder or read choosing the right dog breed.
Common questions
How big does a Pug get?
Adult Pugs typically stand about 25–33 cm at the shoulder and weigh around 6–9 kg. Individuals vary, and males are often larger than females.
How long do Pugs live?
Typically 11–14 years. Keeping them lean, active and up to date with vet checks gives the best chance of a long, healthy life.
How much exercise does a Pug need?
As a guide, around 30–60 minutes a day, split between walks, play and sniffing time. Puppies and older dogs need shorter, gentler sessions.
How much grooming does a Pug need?
A brush once a week. Check ears, teeth and nails as part of the routine.
Are Pugs easy to train?
Generally trainable with consistent, reward-based practice.
Do Pugs shed?
A moderate amount. Regular brushing keeps loose hair under control.
Are Pugs good with children?
They usually do well with children. Always supervise young children with any dog, and teach them to give the dog space.
Can a Pug live in a flat?
Usually, yes — as long as they get enough daily exercise and time outdoors.
What health problems do Pugs have?
The breed can be prone to brachycephalic airway problems, eye injuries and corneal ulcers, skin fold infections. Not every Pug is affected — ask a breeder about health testing, and your vet about what to watch for.
Written by Petopedia as general guidance, not veterinary advice. Ask your vet about health screening for this breed.
Breed details
- Country of origin
- China
- Type
- Small Molossian type Dogs
- Internationally recognised
- 1966